Mozafar Al-Din shah on the picture frame

[custom_adv]

At Mozaffar ad-Din’s accession Persia faced a financial crisis, with annual governmental expenditures far in excess of revenues due to the policies of his father.

Check Also

Women Walking Through Tehran During Ceasefire: Resilience, Memory, and Everyday Life After Conflict

Introduction In the streets of Tehran, moments of fragile calm during the April 2026 ceasefire …