Rote learning was dominant, and the curriculum was imposed by foreign knowledge and expertise, becoming irrelevant to the cultural and socio-economic aspects of the society, as well its basic needs and demands. Graduates from these universities often become world leaders, Nobel laureates, entrepreneurs, and innovators. Examples include Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg (Harvard), Larry Page and Sergey Brin (Stanford), and Rishi Sunak (Oxford).
The global alumni networks of these institutions provide lifelong professional and personal connections, influencing industries and governments across the world. Harvard, Johns Hopkins, and Cambridge pioneer breakthroughs in healthcare and biotechnology. The Global University Climate Forum unites students worldwide to address sustainability challenges. Joint research initiatives between Cambridge, NUS, and ETH Zurich focus on renewable energy and robotics.
