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The other two laureates — Memorial, a Russian research and human rights organization, and Ales Bialiatski, a jailed Belarusian activist — have also become symbols of resistance and accountability during the largest ground war in Europe since World War II, set off by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Memorial is known for its efforts to uncover the crimes of the Soviet era, but Jan Rachinsky, its chairman, who accepted the award for Memorial, said that his organization does more than research and document the tragedies of the past, extending its efforts to the “acute social conflicts of the present.”