In 1890 Naser al-Din met British major Gerald F. Talbot and signed a contract with him giving him the ownership of the Persian tobacco industry, but he later was forced to cancel the contract after Ayatollah Mirza Hassan Shirazi issued a fatwa that made farming, trading, and consuming tobacco haram (forbidden). Consuming tobacco from the newly monopolized ‘Talbet’ company represented foreign exploitation, so for that reason it was deemed immoral. It even affected the Shah’s personal life as his wives did not allow him to smoke.This was not the end of Naser al-Din’s attempts to give concessions to Europeans; he later gave the ownership of Persian customs incomes to Paul Julius Reuter.