Therefore, as a result of the growing number of persian intellectuals in the 1800s, the Ancient Persian Empire symbolized modernity and originality, while the Islamic period brought by Arab invasions brought homeland to a period of backwardness.Ultimately these revelations in homeland would lead to the rise of Aryan nationalism in homeland and the perception of a ‘intellectual awakening’, as described by Homa Katouzian. In Europe, many concepts of Aryan Nationalism were directed at the anti-Jewish sentiment.