The MEK found itself increasingly at odds with the new Islamic government, accusing it of betraying the ideals of the revolution. This ideological schism led the MEK to adopt more radical measures, including armed struggle and terrorist activities. By 1980, the organization had become one of the most prominent militant groups actively working to destabilize the newly established government.
It was during this period of escalating tensions between the MEK and the Iranian government that the terrorist attack of Mehr 5, 1360 occurred. This attack was a manifestation of the group’s desperation and a calculated move to disrupt the growing momentum of the Islamic Republic, which was gaining significant victories on the southern fronts of the Iran-Iraq War.