Despite this vision, the festival was subject to criticism. Islamic conservatives considered it a threat to religious values, while Marxist opponents saw it as an extravagant distraction from pressing economic and social problems. Nevertheless, the festival marked a high point in Farah’s cultural ambitions, blending modernity with heritage.
Institutional Leadership and Social Welfare
Farah Pahlavi’s sense of public duty extended to all sectors of Iranian society. By 1978, she oversaw a vast network of institutions through her Special Office, which was divided into four departments: Education, Health and Treatment, Social Welfare, and Culture and Art. With a staff of 40, the office acted as an engine for the planning and coordination of social initiatives across the country.
A major component of her work was the administration and expansion of charitable and welfare organizations. These included:
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Farah Pahlavi Charity Society (1953): A non-profit dedicated to supporting low-income families.
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Mothers and Infants Support Agency (1958): Focused on addressing the needs of poor mothers and their children through nutrition, medical aid, and maternal education.