2. Diplomatic Engagement
Iran, Afghanistan, and international stakeholders need to establish clear communication channels. A tripartite agreement—similar to past UNHCR-led initiatives—could ensure humane treatment of returnees and provide a framework for voluntary returns.
3. Legal Protections
Iran should halt forced deportations and allow Afghans a fair opportunity to seek asylum. Monitoring mechanisms should be strengthened, and abuses by local authorities must be investigated and punished.
4. Long-Term Development Aid
Afghanistan’s economic collapse is at the root of much of this migration. While political concerns remain, targeted humanitarian aid and development assistance—channeled through UN agencies and NGOs—can alleviate suffering and reduce migration pressures.