Presidency: Reform, Civil Society, and Dialogue
Khatami’s presidency (1997–2005) unfolded under the slogan of reform within the framework of the Islamic Republic. His vision rested on three main pillars:
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Rule of Law and Civil Society: Khatami sought to strengthen the rule of law, empower civil institutions, and encourage public participation in governance. He argued that true Islamic governance must respect individual rights and democratic accountability.
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Freedom of Expression and Cultural Openness: He promoted a relatively freer press, encouraged debate in universities, and allowed the publication of previously banned journals. This cultural openness led to what became known as the “Tehran Spring.”
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Dialogue Among Civilizations: On the international stage, Khatami introduced the concept of Dialogue Among Civilizations, urging mutual respect and understanding between cultures and religions. His initiative gained global recognition when the United Nations designated 2001 as the “Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations,” highlighting Iran’s potential as a bridge between East and West.
