The proper functioning of the reproductive system depends on sufficient energy intake and a balanced level of hormones. When the body experiences a significant reduction in calorie intake due to a restrictive diet, it perceives this as a sign of energy shortage. In response, the brain decreases the production of sex hormones to conserve energy for vital functions such as breathing and circulation. For women, this often results in a decline in estrogen levels, leading to irregular menstrual cycles or even amenorrhea—the complete absence of menstruation. Such hormonal disruptions can make it difficult to conceive and may have lasting effects on reproductive health.
In men, prolonged calorie restriction can lower testosterone levels, which reduces libido, impairs sperm quality, and decreases sexual performance. Over time, these hormonal imbalances can contribute to infertility and overall hormonal dysfunction. Additionally, low energy availability affects bone health, mood, and metabolism, further weakening the body’s ability to maintain hormonal stability. To preserve fertility and hormonal balance, it is essential to follow a nutritionally adequate and sustainable diet rather than extreme restrictions. Maintaining proper energy intake supports not only reproductive health but also the body’s overall physical and emotional well-being.
