Reading from the Shahnameh, the epic masterpiece of Ferdowsi, is another enduring custom. Through heroic tales of kings, warriors, and mythical beings, the Shahnameh connects participants to Iran’s ancient past and reinforces themes of resilience, justice, and honor.
Perhaps the most widespread literary ritual of Yalda Night is fal-e Hafez, the practice of opening the Divan of Hafez for poetic fortune-telling. This act, blending mysticism, literature, and personal reflection, symbolizes Iranians’ deep emotional and spiritual connection to poetry. The verses of Hafez are interpreted as guidance, consolation, or insight into one’s inner state, turning poetry into a bridge between the personal and the universal.
Historical and Anthropological Perspectives
From a historical and anthropological standpoint, Yalda Night has been the subject of extensive scholarly research. Researchers have examined how this celebration has persisted through centuries of political, religious, and social transformation, maintaining its symbolic core while adapting to changing contexts.
Studies suggest that Iranians may have adopted elements of Yalda from Babylonian solstice celebrations, later integrating them into Zoroastrian rituals, which emphasized the eternal struggle between light and darkness. Over time, Yalda evolved into a uniquely Iranian tradition, absorbing influences while preserving its indigenous identity.
