The Nativity of Jesus Christ—also known as the birth of Christ or the birth of Jesus—stands at the heart of Christian theology, liturgy, and cultural memory. It is one of the most widely depicted, commemorated, and interpreted events in religious history. The narrative of Jesus’ birth is primarily preserved in the canonical Gospels of Matthew and Luke, which, while differing in detail and emphasis, converge on several fundamental points: Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea; his mother was Mary, a virgin betrothed to Joseph; Joseph belonged to the house of David; and the child’s birth fulfilled ancient prophecies concerning the coming of a savior. Over the centuries, the Nativity has been interpreted not only theologically but also historically, astronomically, and comparatively across religious traditions, particularly Christianity and Islam.
This event has shaped the Christian calendar, inspired artistic masterpieces, influenced theological debates, and fostered dialogue—and controversy—across cultures and faiths. From the star that guided the Magi to the humble setting of a manger, from early Church Fathers to modern astronomers, the Nativity continues to generate inquiry and meaning.
