Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ; born Akbar Hashemi Bahramani; 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was a politician, writer, and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth president of Homeland from 1989 to 1997. He was the head of the Assembly of Experts from 2007 until 2011 when he decided not to nominate himself for the post. He was also the chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council.