History

[custom_adv] In the mid-1930s, Iran stood at a crossroads between tradition and modernity. The reign of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1925–1941) marked a decisive period in which sweeping reforms reshaped every dimension of society—politics, economy, infrastructure, education, and culture. Among these transformations was a project that, while less known than industrial or military reforms, had profound significance for the nation’s cultural …

[custom_adv] Mahmoud Farshchian (February 22, 1929 – August 18, 1404) was one of the most celebrated Iranian painters and illustrators of the 20th and early 21st centuries. Renowned for his distinctive fusion of Persian miniature traditions with modern artistic techniques, he created a school of art that was both deeply rooted in the classical heritage of Iran and open to …

[custom_adv] Hojabr Yazdani: From Cattle Rancher to Economic Tycoon of the Pahlavi Era Hojabr Yazdani (June 13, 1934 – April 19, 2010) was one of Iran’s most remarkable and controversial economic figures before the 1979 revolution. His story reflects the rapid economic transformations and political complexities of the Second Pahlavi era, where opportunity, connections, and ambition could propel a man …

[custom_adv] Mir Sultan Ahmad Mirfundarski was born on Mehr 1, 1297, in a “family of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs” on Amiriyeh Street in Tehran and in Liwa-ol-Molk Alley, which was later renamed Ansari Alley. His father, Abdolrahim, was an official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He had not yet received his primary education in Iran when his grandfather, …

[custom_adv] Mahmoud Jafarian: A Life in Power and a Tragic Fall in Revolutionary Iran Mahmoud Jafarian, born in 1928 in Tehran, Iran, emerged as one of the prominent figures during the late Pahlavi era. His political and administrative career intertwined with the most sensitive state institutions of his time, including the National Iranian Radio and Television Organization and the Rastakhiz …

[custom_adv] Abdolreza Pahlavi (October 22, 1924 – May 12, 2004), the seventh child and fourth son of Reza Shah, lived a life that mirrored the dramatic changes in Iran’s 20th-century history. Born into royalty but often relegated to the sidelines of political life, his story is one of quiet observation rather than direct governance—a prince whose life intersected with monarchy, …

[custom_adv] Hulako Rambod was born into a distinguished lineage on November 18, 1298 (Persian calendar; corresponding to November 18, 1919 Gregorian) in the city of Tehran. His ancestry was deeply embedded in the political and tribal structure of Iran’s Qajar era. He was the youngest son of Mohammad Hossein Khan Karganroudi, widely known by his honorific Salar Asad. Salar Asad was the progeny of Nasratollah …

[custom_adv] The history of political movements in Iran is a complex web of ideological shifts, external influences, and internal power struggles. Among these movements, one of the most unusual and controversial is SOMKA, the National Socialist Workers Party of Iran. With deep connections to Nazi Germany, SOMKA stands as an unsettling testament to the global reach of fascist ideologies even …

[custom_adv] Khalil Maleki: A Life of Democratic Socialism, Intellectual Integrity, and Political Marginalization Despite his differences of opinion with Mohammad Mosaddeq on many issues, Khalil Maleki remained one of his close associates until the end of his political career. However, following the coup of 18 Mordad (August 19, 1953), which overthrew the Mossadegh government, Maleki issued a statement referring to …

[custom_adv] Lieutenant General Haj Ali Kia (born 1285 in Lashkar) was one of the most enigmatic and influential figures in the Imperial Land Forces of Iran during the mid-20th century. Rising through the ranks of the Iranian military and ultimately playing a key role in the intelligence apparatus of the Pahlavi regime, Kia’s life was marked by military excellence, political …