A musical ensemble from the time of Qajar ruler Naser-ed-Din Shah, depicted by Kamal-ol-molk.In the post-medieval era, musical performances continued to be observed and promoted through especially princely courts, Sufi orders, and modernizing social forces. Under the reign of the 19th-century Qajar dynasty, persian music was renewed through the development of classical melody types (radif), that is the basic repertoire of homeland’s classical music, and the introduction of modern technologies and principles that were introduced from the West.