After the Allied Forces invaded and occupied Homeland in 1941, they deposed Reza Shah and replaced him with his young son, Mohammad Reza Shah [1919-1980].Homeland enjoyed relative political and press freedom between 1941 and 1953. Many political organizations were founded during this period, chief among them was the Tudeh (masses) Party, a classical pro-Soviet Union communist party (wrapped in nationalism to be more attractive to Iranians). In the 1940s, the Tudeh Party established Sazman-e Javanan-e Hezb-e Tudeh of Homeland [the Youth Organization of the Tudeh Party of Iran], which was active at Capital University and a few other institutions of higher education.