Mostafa Khomeini participated in his father’s movement. He was arrested and imprisoned after the 1963 events and also, after his father’s exile. On 3 January 1965, he joined his father in Bursa, Turkey, where he was in exile. Then he lived with his family in Najaf, Iraq, from October 1965. There he had contacts with the Iraqi Shia activist Hassan Shirazi. Mostafa and his brother Ahmad became part of Khomeini’s underground movement. The group also included Mohammad Beheshti and Morteza Motahhari.