Khomeini, a prominent religious leader and the ideological figurehead of the revolution, returned to Iran on 12 Bahman 1357 after spending fifteen years in exile, mostly in Najaf, Iraq, and later in France. His return was met with massive public enthusiasm, leading to a series of demonstrations that eventually resulted in the collapse of the monarchy. Key events leading to the victory of the revolution included mass protests, nationwide strikes, the defection of military personnel, and the takeover of crucial government institutions by revolutionaries.
On February 11, 1979, the Iranian army declared its neutrality, effectively signaling the end of the Pahlavi regime. Important institutions such as the security forces, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Defense Council, and the Royal Navy were taken over by revolutionary forces. The arrest of Tehran’s military commander, Lieutenant General Mehdi Rahimi, played a crucial role in the success of the revolution as it led to the surrender of significant military installations and weapons.
The Bahman 22 March: Symbolism and Activities
The annual Bahman 22 March is a symbolic event that reaffirms the commitment of the Iranian people to the ideals of the revolution. Each year, large crowds gather in major cities across the country, particularly in Tehran, where marchers converge on Azadi Square. The event is characterized by speeches from political and religious leaders, the display of national flags, and slogans emphasizing resistance against foreign influence and support for the Islamic Republic.