Haji Firuz, also known as Khwajeh Pirouz, is a significant legendary figure in Iranian culture. He is an essential part of the Nowruz festivities, appearing in cities on the first day of the new year alongside his uncle Nowruz to announce the arrival of the Persian New Year. Haji Firuz is recognized by his distinct appearance and his role in spreading joy and celebration through music and dance.
Appearance and Clothing
Haji Firuz is depicted as a thin man with a blackened face, wearing a spindle hat, pointed turbans, and a red robe. He carries a drum and sings festive songs in a broken dialect, performing tricks and dances in the streets. Traditionally, he wears a red outfit, symbolizing joy and festivity, and simple shoes called gaveh. This appearance has become closely associated with the cultural identity of Nowruz celebrations, particularly in contemporary Tehran.
Origins
The origins of Haji Firuz remain a subject of scholarly debate. Some researchers trace his roots back to Mesopotamian traditions, while others argue for even older connections to Babylonian and Persian festivals.
Iranian scholar Mehrdad Bahar suggests that Haji Firuz is linked to the ancient festival of Siavash. Siavash, a figure from Persian mythology, was associated with agricultural cycles, fertility, and martyrdom. Bahar interprets Haji Firuz’s blackened face as a sign of his return from the underworld and his red clothing as a representation of Siavash’s blood.