The 1979 revolution in Iran brought about dramatic societal and political changes, leaving many to believe that Iranian cinema would cease to exist under the new religious government. Contrary to these predictions, however, the industry persisted. Despite facing severe challenges, including censorship and political restrictions, Iranian cinema not only survived but also managed to thrive in new and surprising ways. The relationship between Iranian filmmakers and the Islamic Republic has been complex, oscillating between protest, passivity, and negotiation, but it has ultimately resulted in the continued evolution of a unique cinematic tradition.
The Immediate Post-Revolution Period: Turmoil and Transition
In the immediate aftermath of the revolution, Iranian cinema faced significant upheaval. The new government sought to reshape the industry to align with Islamic values. Filmmaking was initially restricted, and heavy censorship was imposed. The private sector was eliminated, leading to a government monopoly over the industry. Filmmakers were divided into “insiders” who adhered to government mandates and “outsiders” who were excluded from the industry. Institutions and unions such as the Cinema House, which represented semi-independent filmmakers, were targeted and struggled to operate freely.
The government’s initial approach to filmmaking involved providing financial support to directors who promoted Islamic values. However, the public’s lukewarm reception to overtly ideological films forced a shift in focus. Over time, films that explored themes related to the Iran-Iraq War and those that expressed greater tolerance for Islamic values found a place in the industry. These films balanced government restrictions with narratives that resonated more deeply with Iranian audiences.