In January 1979, facing immense pressure, the Shah fled Iran, seeking refuge in various countries before ultimately settling in Egypt. His departure marked the end of the Pahlavi dynasty and the beginning of the Islamic Republic under Khomeini. The revolution brought sweeping changes to Iran, transforming it from a pro-Western monarchy into a theocratic state.
The Shah’s legacy remains a subject of debate. While some credit him with modernizing Iran and making it a regional power, others blame him for ignoring the needs of his people and fostering resentment that led to his downfall. His rule serves as a reminder of the complexities of modernization, the dangers of excessive reliance on foreign powers, and the consequences of ignoring popular discontent.