This problem refers to the export of these materials in raw form, and the reasons for this can be mentioned as follows: Absence of export and import tariffs proportional to the amount of added value of that product or substance; in this way, in most developed countries, in order to prevent raw sales and direct liquidity towards industries with higher added value, the export tariff of any material or product is directly related to the volume and weight of that product in relation to its value or added value, and the import tariff is the opposite. It is achieved; that is, the greater the mass and volume of a product compared to its value, a higher tax is imposed on its export and a small tax on its import.
Lack of structural reform in domestic companies to transform them into mega-corporations before handing them over to the private or quasi-government sector; for example, before handing over steel companies, the governments of many countries hand over all shares of iron ore mines and coal mines that used to supply raw materials for steel making to steel companies, along with the concentration of the mines in question.
