- Reconstruction Efforts: Post-war reconstruction was a cornerstone of his presidency. Investments in infrastructure, education, and healthcare helped rebuild the nation and improve living standards, though these efforts were often marred by allegations of mismanagement and corruption.
- Moderate Foreign Policy: On the international stage, Rafsanjani adopted a pragmatic approach, seeking to reduce tensions with Western nations, particularly the United States. While his outreach efforts faced resistance from hardliners, they laid the groundwork for later diplomatic overtures.
Despite these initiatives, Rafsanjani’s presidency faced criticism for failing to address income inequality and corruption. His economic reforms disproportionately benefited the elite, leading to accusations of nepotism and cronyism. By the end of his tenure, dissatisfaction among Iran’s working and middle classes had grown, setting the stage for political shifts in subsequent years.
Political Isolation and Resurgence
Rafsanjani remained a prominent figure after leaving the presidency but faced significant challenges. In the 2005 presidential election, he attempted a political comeback, running against Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Although he led the first round of voting, Rafsanjani lost in the runoff, signaling a shift toward more populist and conservative politics.
The 2009 Iranian presidential election and its aftermath marked a turning point for Rafsanjani. His support for the opposition Green Movement, which challenged Ahmadinejad’s re-election, led to his political marginalization. Hardliners accused him and his family of undermining the regime, and he faced increasing pressure from conservative factions.
Despite these setbacks, Rafsanjani regained influence in the lead-up to the 2013 presidential election. Although he was disqualified from running by the Guardian Council, his endorsement of Hassan Rouhani played a crucial role in Rouhani’s victory. Rafsanjani’s support for Rouhani signaled his alignment with moderate and reformist forces, helping to rehabilitate his political reputation.